考古发现:明初东胜侯汪兴祖墓
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.65pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""> </span></font></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.65pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""></span></font></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.65pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""></span></font></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.65pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 考古发现:明初东胜侯汪兴祖墓</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">南京市区内发掘一处古墓,为明初东胜侯汪兴祖墓。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">汪兴祖基是一座长方形阁楼式券顶砖墓。它位于市区北郊中央门外一小土山南麓,西距张家洼一华里,南距中央门五华里。墓上有封土,外貌呈一长条形土墩,南北长</span><chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="15" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">15</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">米</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">,东西宽</span><chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="10" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">米</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">,项部因长年水土流失,高只</span><chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="4" unitname="米"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">米</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">余。由于解放前国民党军队于墓上挖过沟壕,所以墓室后部之墙壁、券顶等已被破坏,室内也积满了大量淤土。此基因土方工程且很大,我们只清理了墓室内部。发现有:玉带饰十四块、金银器十八件、铜饰二件、铁武器二十件(刀、矛、镞等)。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">墓志盖篆书:“故荣禄大夫同知大都督府事赠开国辅运推诚宣力武臣荣禄大夫柱国东胜侯食禄一千五百石汪公墓”,七行四十二字。志文二十三行,满行二十三字,楷书。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">汪兴祖少时为朱元璋部将张德胜养子,改姓张氏。以后又复姓汪氏。关于他的事迹,在《明史》上附于张德胜传内</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">《明史》卷一三三列传二</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">O)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。今据墓志和《明史》等记载,他是庐州</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">今安徽合肥</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">巢县人,生于元至元四年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1338</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">,死于明洪武四年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1371</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。其父张德胜随朱元璋渡江南进后,于至正二十年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1360</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">六月和陈友谅的一次战斗中死于龙江。他继承父职,追随朱元璋南征北战十余年,在推翻元朝统治和重建明朝的活动中,立下了许多战功,官至荣禄大夫、封东胜侯。</span></font></p> 安徽巢湖名人中有记载:汪兴祖:居巢人。明代开国大将。追封东胜侯。 <p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\">方胜形金饰件</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #ff6600\"><p /></span></font></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\">出土于南京中央门外张家洼明东胜候汪兴祖夫妇墓,长</span><chmetcnv w:st=\"on\" tcsc=\"0\" numbertype=\"1\" negative=\"False\" hasspace=\"False\" sourcevalue=\"8.3\" unitname=\"厘米\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">8.3</font></span><span style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\">厘米</span></chmetcnv><span style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\">,由金片锤</span><span style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"> </font></span><span style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\">而成,状若两个叠压相交的菱形。菱形四面均为凸起的圆角,以更于缝在衣服上作装饰。菱形四边以联珠纹为饰,相交部分是一四瓣柿蒂纹样。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">“</font></span><span style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\">胜</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">”</font></span><span style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\">是古代传说中西王母所用的一种首饰,由于西王母被视为长生不老的象征,她所配戴的饰物自然被视为吉祥物。正因为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">“</font></span><span style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\">方胜</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">”</font></span><span style=\"COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt\">的形象具有连绵不断的吉祥寓意,才被古代工匠广为采用。</span></font></p> 明代安徽巢县人汪兴祖,是明初大将张德胜的养子,初从养父姓张。德胜战死,追封蔡国公,亲生儿子张宣年幼,由兴祖嗣爵。兴祖领兵战胜陈友谅、张士诚,数败元兵,屡立战功。洪武元年,张宣已长大成人,被任命为宣武卫指挥同知,而兴祖则复姓汪。后来汪兴祖在进攻四川的战役中战死,追封东胜侯,其子年幼,则由张宣抚养。汪、张两家,两世互相扶持则是一段佳话。 巢县应有汪兴祖同宗。 张德胜,字仁辅,合肥人。才略雄迈。与俞通海等以舟师自巢来归。从渡江,克采石、太平。陈埜先来攻,与汤和等破擒之。授太平兴国翼总管。破蛮子海牙水寨,擒陈兆先。下集庆,克镇江,授秦淮翼元帅。取常州,擢枢密院判。克宁国,收长枪兵。下太湖,略马迹山。攻宜兴,取马驮沙及石牌寨。进佥枢密院事。赵普胜陷池州,德胜往援,弗及,还,从徐达拔宜兴。普胜复掠青阳、石埭。德胜与战栅江口,破走之。已,复同通海击败其众,遂复池州。引兵自无为趋浮山,走普胜将胡总管,追,败之青山,逐北至潜山。陈友谅将郭泰逆战沙河,破斩之,遂克潜山。友谅犯龙江,德胜总舟师迎战,杀伤相当。德胜大呼,麾诸将奋击。友谅军披靡,遂大败。与诸将追及之慈湖,纵火焚其舟。至采石,大战,没于阵。追封蔡国公,谥忠毅,肖像功臣庙,侑享太庙。子宣幼。养子兴祖嗣职。 兴祖,巢人。本汪姓。既嗣职,从破安庆,克江州,拔蕲、黄,取南昌。从援安丰,大败张士诚兵。鄱阳之战,与廖永忠等以六舟深入。又邀击友谅于泾江口。功最,擢湖广行省参政。从平武昌,遂克庐州,略地至通州而还。进大都督府佥事。从徐达取淮东,下浙西。进同知大都督府事。大军北征,别将卫军由徐州克沂、青、东平,乘胜至东阿,降元参政陈璧及所部五万余人。孔子五十六世孙衍圣公希学帅曲阜知县希举、邹县主簿孟思谅等迎谒于军门,兴祖礼之。兗东州县闻风皆下,遂取济宁、济南。 洪武元年,以都督兼右率府使,从攻乐安,克汴梁、河、洛,还守济宁。与大将军会师德州,帅舟师并河进,遂克元都。徇下永平,西取大同,将三卫卒守之。再败元兵,斩获无算。时德胜子宣已长,命为宣武卫指挥同知。而兴祖复姓为汪。三年进克武、朔二州,获元知院马广等。帅兵至大同北口,大败元兵,获扩廓弟金刚奴等四百余人。未几,命为晋王武傅,兼山西行都督府佥事。四年从前将军傅友德合兵伐蜀,克阶、文,乘胜至五里关,中飞石死。蜀平,诏都督兴祖殁于王事,优赏其子,追封东胜侯,予世券
兴祖子幼,命与宣同居。以疾卒,爵除 不错。这是《明史》上的记载。 又一将军也!
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