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贵州屯堡——凝固时光600年

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特殊贡献奖宣传大使奖

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发表于 2007-6-10 16:42:12 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">贵州屯堡——凝固时光</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #993300"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #993300"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;0"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年前明帝国遍布全国的军屯哨所</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">早已湮灭无迹</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">而贵州高原腹地留下的屯堡人和他们的屯堡文化</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">仍在坚强地证明当年的讨伐厮杀。生存在贵州腹地安顺的广袤土地上的大明帝国的遗民</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">还顽强地保留着祖先留下的生活传统、服饰习惯、饮食口味甚至语音腔调。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  从贵州中部一直向西</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">向西</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">就是云南。这是从内地通往这个著名的西南边陲最为便捷的途径。从</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年前开拓的古驿道到后世修建的公路、铁路</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">都沿着这个方向不断延伸。从</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2000</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">多年前的战国时代开始</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这条入滇通道上不知发生过多少战争。为了维系中心腹地与边塞南国的一统江山</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一代又一代的军人在这里不断洒下鲜血</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">无论他们手中拿的是长矛、弓箭还是刺刀、步枪。 </span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1381</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">雄心勃勃的大明军队逐步把蒙古人的势力赶出中原、塞上、关外。在大明军旗引领下</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">与元朝政府军征战无数的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">万军汉从遥远的东方迤逦而来</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">为登基不久的朱元璋拿下梦想已久的云南</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">剿灭盘踞此地的元梁王把匝瓦尔密。鼎定云南之后</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">朱元璋害怕无数兵将用流血换来的大局又变成权力的真空。一道圣旨将强大的帝国军队留在云贵高原</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">建立卫所。这个决定改变了数十万人的命运</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">来自江南、中原的精锐部队沿着横贯高原的咽喉要道次第布防</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">按照明军的编制驻扎下来。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  今天</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在这条通道上行走</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">我们看不到战争的影子。顺着黔滇公路从贵阳出发</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一路西行</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">春阳和煦</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">曾经的血腥厮杀成为实难寻觅的历史遗迹</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">湮没在田园山间。而以卫、所、屯、旗命名的地方随处可见。这都是当年朱元璋部队戍守贵州留下的痕迹。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: #993300">屯堡与屯堡人</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #993300"><p /></span></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  三三两两的妇人出现在平坝县城郊的公路上</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在贵州这个多民族的省份</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">她们的打扮很容易被当作少数民族</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">长袍大袖、拴围裙系腰带</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">头缠白帕</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">圆形的发髻坠于脑后</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">精美的首饰环叮当。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  妇人们的家就在山间一个个坝子的深处</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">跟她们回去</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">你会有更多的发现:高墙深院、碉楼林立</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">有如迷宫的巷道</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">黝黑的射击孔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如果不是男耕女织的平和景象</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">外人真以为自己误入一座功能齐全、戒备森严的军营。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  其实</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">几百年前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这里就是军营</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">住在这里的是成建制的帝国正规军。这些衣着迥异的妇人是保留了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年最正统血液的汉人。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">她们的祖先随着平定边乱的大军从千里以外的江南跋涉而来。因为他们的到来</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">贵州终于从羁縻之地成为明帝国的第</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">14</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">个行省。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  这些妇人和她们的家人一起被称为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">屯堡人</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  </span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">103</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年前的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1902</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日本人类学者鸟居龙藏在贵州开始他的考察游历。行至安平县</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">今平坝县</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">郊外某地时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">几个打扮既有别于当时的汉族</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">又不同于附近少数民族的妇女引起鸟居龙藏的注意。这是什么民族?一些当地人告诉他</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">凤头鸡</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  翌年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">鸟居龙藏的同事伊东忠太在安平也注意到这个特殊的人群。他问地方官员</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">官员回答是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">凤头苗</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。其实</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">所谓</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">凤头鸡</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">凤头苗</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">就是地道的汉民</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">屯堡人。而如此这般对屯堡人的误判</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">持续还不止</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">100</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年前。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  直到今天</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">我们走在屯堡乡间</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">仍有别样的新鲜。同是一个民族</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年后</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">文化会发生这样的外化差异</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">虽然深入其间</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">我们可以清晰感受到同一文化渊源的种种熟悉和亲切。</span></font></p>
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特殊贡献奖宣传大使奖

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 楼主| 发表于 2007-6-10 16:43:32 | 显示全部楼层
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">山野里的碉楼人家</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #993300\"><p /></span></font></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> </font></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  穿过新春碧绿的田野</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">薄雾浓云笼罩的山间</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">江南木雕与黔中石板共同筑成的本寨就在眼前</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">一眼望去</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">本寨的七座石碉楼傲然耸立</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">跨越百年风雨。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  这座著名的屯堡村寨背靠后屯</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">左为姊妹顶山</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">右为青龙山</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">前面有常年不涸的三岔河</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">暗合了传统风水中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">左青龙</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">右白虎</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">前朱雀</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">后玄武</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">的特点</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">--</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">依山不居山</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">满足了军屯</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">无事屯田</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">以资军实</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">进可攻</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">退可守的实际需要;傍水而不居岸</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">又避免了贵州夏季多雨的洪涝灾害。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  许是军屯的缘故</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">尚武之风在屯堡得以沿袭。从当年次递布防到后来抵御土匪</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">屯堡村寨筑起了座座碉楼</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">碉楼是他们在自家院内修建的用于保护家产的防御设施</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">楼高近</span><chmetcnv w:st=\"on\" unitname=\"米\" sourcevalue=\"20\" hasspace=\"False\" negative=\"False\" numbertype=\"1\" tcsc=\"0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">20</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">米</span></chmetcnv><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">四面开有枪眼</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">抵御外敌侵袭。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  王尚义的家就在这七座碉楼中的一座</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">老人热情地招呼着我们</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">几个儿女都不住在家里</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">二老退休后在碉楼前的屋里开了一家杂货铺</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">守着百年碉楼</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">打发着寻常日子。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  听说我们要参观</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">老人从门旁取出一串钥匙</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">穿过天井</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">打开了久未开启的门扉。我们沿着木制楼梯拾级而上</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">碉楼共有四层</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">二层上有一张床</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">靠墙是一个尘封已久的柜子</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">据说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">是地主用来装枪的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">墙上哨兵观察的空洞被主人家安上了窗子</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">三楼墙面上</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">十字形的枪眼仍在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">可以想见</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">当年的家丁架起步枪随时预防来侵土匪时的情景。通往四层的楼梯很窄</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">仅够一人上下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">还得拉着从屋顶牵下的绳子</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">以防滑倒</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">从四层的窗户看下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">整</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  个本寨的田野房屋尽收眼底。据说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">碉楼当年的主人金明章家有家丁和数条枪</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">他们轮流在楼上守卫</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">碉楼的前门守卫森严</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">有土匪入侵</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">家丁可以从楼后的院墙下到临家通风报信。金明章就这样用筑起的碉楼防卫着四方来袭</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">固守着以为不朽的财产。近百年的风雨过后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">碉楼尚在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">其他的一切却与当年的主人一道化入了历史的尘埃。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> </font></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"COLOR: #993300\">活在历史中的云山屯</span></b></span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #993300\"><p /></span></b></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> </font></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  和所有的屯堡村寨相比</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,1000</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">多米的寨墙是云山屯最具特色的地方</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">如今杂草丛生的寨墙</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">过去曾经是抵御外敌的强大屏障。沿着寨墙上山</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">还依稀可见石块铺就的驿道</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">当年云山屯的守卫就扛着土枪长矛行进在这条古道上。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> </font></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  寨墙内</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">云山屯就像一条蛰伏在山间的长龙</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">龙头是入口的大屯门</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">龙尾是小屯门</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">龙头处是明代的建筑</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">龙身是清代的典型建筑</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">到了龙尾</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">则以民国时期的西洋式建筑为代表。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> </font></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  沿着东华街一路行来</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">老街上最宽阔的地方是凸出的江南戏楼残基</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">当年戏楼两边曾有这样的长联:尧舜生、汤禹净</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">五霸七雄丑末耳</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">其余创业兴基大都摇旗呐喊称奴婢;四书引、五经白</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">诸子百家杂说也</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">以外咬文嚼字不过沿街乞食啼莲花。人生飘渺</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">王侯将相皆为戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">可这里的戏早已落幕</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">不知要什么时候才又开场。戏台旁的两层小楼是当年的包厢</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">恍惚间</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">像又回到从前</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">窗棂支起</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">二楼上灯影绰绰</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">似有吆五喝六的划拳声</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">看客们品茗饮酒、谈天说地</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">时不时地往下瞟几眼</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">哪家的小脚小姐嗑着香瓜子</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">醉心于戏楼里的人情故事中。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  戏台再往前</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">就到了清末民国初年最有名的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">德生昌</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">中药铺</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">雕花须弥座式的铺台还在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">木板的铺板却久已未打开</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">匆匆而过的旅人谁会想到这里曾经是周围屯堡村寨最大的药店</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">当年云峰八寨哪家有人生病</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">都得爬上高高的云鹫山</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">到</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">德生昌</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">捡药。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  顺着老街拾级而下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">一栋三层的民国西洋式建筑就在眼前</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">它像一曲凋敝的挽歌</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">轻轻低吟着岁月滚滚</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">韶华已逝。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">吱嘎嘎</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">的木板二楼现在已成为云山屯的小学。据说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">当年为了修建这所房屋</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">大地主金寸舟卖掉了几百桶桐油</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">特地请来的上海师傅从云鹫山下的河中滤出河沙</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">和上桐油、焦巴按照西洋建筑的式样一点点砌起来。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1934</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">年以至今天</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">这都是整个云山屯最另类的建筑。可惜金姓的大地主没有享受多久</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">就远走台湾。时隔</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">60</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">年的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1994</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">年</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">金家的一个兄弟从台湾辗转而来</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">云山屯依旧</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">老屋尚存</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,60</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">年的乡思顷刻间化作老人的纷飞泪雨。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> </font></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"COLOR: #993300\">军营里的假面舞会</span></b></span><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #993300\"><p /></span></b></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  </span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">跳神</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">是地戏的传统叫法。一戴上神秘色彩浓郁的地戏面具</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">平日蹲在墙脚、言语不多的庄稼汉立刻像换了个人</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">舞弄刀枪、挥动折扇</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">举手投足间好不潇洒。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  地戏顾名思义就是在地上演的戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">一般每年演出两次</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">一次在春节期间</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">称为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">玩新春</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">另一次在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">7</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">月半谷子扬花的时节</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">称为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">跳米花神</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">。 演出的剧目有《封神演义》、《三国》、《薛刚反唐》、《四马投唐》、《罗通扫北》等武戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">演出时</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">演出者将插着长长雉尾的面具</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">--</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">当地人称之为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">脸子</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;--</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">仰戴在头顶</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">脸罩黑纱。演出者都是普通的屯堡人</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">戏装是简单的战裙</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">一般分两色</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">白色为正面角色</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">蓝色为反面人物</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">演出者手拿短小的木制兵器和扇子</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">在一锣一鼓伴奏下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">以高亢的声调展开剧情。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  我问了很多跳地戏的屯堡农民</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">地戏怎样来的?是谁传入的?说法不一</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">莫衷一是。最简单的解释是:</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">祖宗带来的。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">对于地戏的真正由来</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">历史上也没有确切记载。民间传说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">第一堂脸子是洪武年间一个姓汤的指挥从南京带来的。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  在屯堡人心中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">地戏是永远割舍不掉的情结。没有</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">跳神</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">过年像是没了味道。戴着假面的地戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">比起描眉画眼、音韵悠扬的京戏、越剧来</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">是少了很多精细</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">但其间的原始、粗犷</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">却是与数百年前汉族文化更为接近的形态。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  很多研究屯堡的学者认为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">地戏源属于军傩</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">是朱元璋部队入黔时从江南带来的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">他们推断</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">屯堡人演出地戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">一是为娱乐</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">二是为敬神祭祀</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">驱邪纳吉</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">早年间还有训练武功、加强战备的作用。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  有趣的是</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">地戏的题材都是宣扬正统的内容</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">《水浒》之类造反题材以及《红楼梦》一类卿卿我我绝不涉及。周官屯地戏队班头胡永福说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">这和屯堡人的军队背景有直接关系</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">地戏是中国封建王朝的高尚娱乐</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">它只能表现爱国忠君之事。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  岁月荏苒</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">地戏所担负的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">寓兵于农</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">的功利目的已不复存在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">而作为一种世代传承的文化现象</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">它已深深地渗入到屯堡人的生活之中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">成为屯堡人最引人注目的风俗之一。从某种意义上说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">没有地戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">屯堡人就会丧失它最具光彩的特征。</span></font></p>
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