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转帖:最后的汉人——屯堡人

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特殊贡献奖宣传大使奖

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发表于 2007-6-10 16:29:54 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong><span class="title1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16&#46;5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode"">最后的汉人</span></span><span class="title1"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16&#46;5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: "Lucida Sans Unicode"">——</span></span><span class="title1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16&#46;5pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode"">屯堡人</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #993300"><p /></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26&#46;35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;5"><strong><font size="3"><span style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">飘逸着明代遗风的屯堡服饰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #993300"><p /></span></font></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  人们把安顺一带的屯堡村落</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">比喻为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">绿色海洋中的一座座白色的文化孤岛</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。说其</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">孤</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">是指其特殊</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">极富音律的语言</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">江南风韵的石头建筑</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">丰富多彩的民俗活动</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">活化石</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">式的民间戏剧</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">等等。其中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">那透现着明代遗风的服饰</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">给初到屯堡的人以极强的视觉冲击力。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  服饰是一种文化载体。各民族不同的服饰都反映了本民族的审美情趣、理念追求、文化积淀等。屯堡人的服饰以青、蓝色为主</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">不能不认为是他们对祖上来自长江一带的眷眷依恋之情的叙说。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  屯堡男人的服饰以短对襟和长衫大襟为主。对襟短衣从中系扣</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">俗称</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">三个荷包</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">因在右上胸前和两个下摆各有一个口袋而得名。对襟短衣一般用青、蓝、白布加工而成</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">钉</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">颗或</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">颗布疙瘩纽扣。穿长衫时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">头包青布头帕或毛线头帕</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">腰系青布腰带。所穿的裤子裤腰和裤脚十分宽大</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">若把两只裤脚和裤腰扎上</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">可装百余斤粮食</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">既凉爽又实用。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  夏天</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">穿草鞋或布鞋</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">着短衣</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">冬天着长衫</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">穿布帮皮底钉子鞋。这种长统的钉子鞋形同战靴</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">俗称</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">战要鞋</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。这种</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">战要鞋</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">既有保暖作用又具防滑功能</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">是冬雨绵绵的贵州山区不可缺少的实用物。穿上这种战靴</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">屯堡男人显得威武雄壮</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">精神抖擞。正如一首山歌所唱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">:&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">战要皮鞋穿脚上</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">行走如风稳当当</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">走南闯北脚有劲</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">妖魔鬼怪也避让。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  外出赶场经商</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">屯堡男人总喜欢随身带着用麦草编织的草帽。这种草帽是女人选用白色的麦草</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一根一根地衔接起来</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">编成长辫后再用针线一针一针地缝制而成。精巧的麦草帽是女人心灵手巧的展示</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">又是深深爱恋的寄托。因此</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">麦草帽不仅是防雨防晒的用具</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">更是爱的信物。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  屯堡老者头戴毡窝帽或包青布头帕</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">身穿长衫</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">不系腰带</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">脚穿布鞋</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">手提长长的竹子烟杆。有的小肚子上吊着牛皮缝制的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">包肚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">装钱币。毡窝帽如同江南水乡男人所戴的毡帽</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一般用毛线或羊绒制品加工而成。老者们一旦戴上一顶毡窝帽一辈子不会洗一回</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">而且一年四季都戴在头上</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">因此</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这种毡窝帽始终是油光光的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">好像刷了一层油漆。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  一根精致的烟杆是老者们的宠物。提着长长的烟杆在街上走路是有福气的显示。长约</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">尺的烟杆选用竹节密集的竹子加工而成</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">以竹节越多越密为最好。用麻线或铜线编成网包裹竹根成为烟斗</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">用桐油经常涂拭烟杆</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">使长长的烟杆黑红油亮</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">非常诱人。烟杆上要吊金属链缀着的古钱币或核桃雕制品等饰物</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">既有装饰作用也方便把烟杆挂在屋墙上或手提行走。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  屯堡人服饰的特点</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">主要表现在妇女的衣着和装扮上。屯堡妇女始终保持大袖长袍尖头鞋等明代遗风</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">《安顺府志</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">民风》记</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">:&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">屯军堡子</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">皆奉洪武调北征南。妇人以银索绾发髻</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分三绺</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">长簪大环</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">皆凤阳汉装也。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">再看今日屯堡村落中妇女的服饰</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">尽管年轻姑娘追求时尚打扮已失去往昔屯堡女孩特有的古朴风采</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">但一旦结婚后</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">周围环境使然</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">仍恢复传统服装的样式。身着或青色或蓝色或紫色或粉色或绿色或白色的大襟大袖长袍</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">系</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">丝头腰带</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">后吊长长丝绦</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在袖口、衣襟处镶嵌美丽的花边。长发挽髻套上马尾编织的发网</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">插上银质和玉石发簪</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">腕戴银手镯</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">耳吊银质玉石耳坠</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">脚穿尖头平底绣花布鞋</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">额扎白布带</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">老年人多为黑色</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。如今</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在装束上增添了一块方头巾和彩带黑色围腰。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  在封建礼教的阴霾笼罩中国大地的时候</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">女人以</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">三寸金莲</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">为美的畸形追求</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">裹小脚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">使多少女子饱尝痛苦而流干了眼泪。而屯堡人却大反礼俗</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">不以脚小三寸为美</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">任其自然</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">悠哉乐哉。虽然被认为有悖时尚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">被人瞧不起而鄙称为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">大脚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">但在那战事不断</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">男人要出征打仗的特殊背景下</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">却为她们从事繁重的家务劳动和农田劳作提供了极大的方便。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  说起</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">大脚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在屯堡人中还流传一个有趣的传说。明洪武年间</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">国事已定</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">天下太平。在某年的元宵佳节</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">皇城大放花灯</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">热闹非凡。朱元璋的原配夫人马皇后被民间的欢乐气氛所吸引</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">带着几个宫女、太监悄悄出宫去观赏花灯。一路上灯火辉煌</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">气象万千</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">把个皇后娘娘看得心花怒放</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">不经意间忘乎所以露出一双大脚被人看见</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">惊呼起来</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">惹得游人围堵观看。马皇后尴尬之余</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">扫兴地回到皇宫向朱元璋大发脾气。朱元璋笑而不语</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">事后叫人做了一双仿</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">尖尖脚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的粽子样大脚鞋给马皇后。马皇后穿上后</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">长裙笼住大脚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">却露出一双翘翘的尖角。自此</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">皇后娘娘穿的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">尖头绣花鞋</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">屯堡人仿效着一代一代延续至今。这个传说虽有一点牵强附会</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">但联想到屯堡妇女那不忘祖规保留着的服饰头饰</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">可看到屯堡人对故土的眷恋之情是何等深沉。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  屯堡姑娘不仅绣鞋花</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">还要绣帽花、枕套花、背扇花等多种衣物图案。这些衣物图案多为花卉、鱼鸟之类的大自然生灵</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">她们把这些生灵绣得栩栩如生同时又别具情趣。姑娘们一生绣出百余件花品</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">到出嫁</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">报日子</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">那天</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">集中挑到新郎家去在乡亲们面前展示自己的才艺</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">数量多、质量好的绣制品自然会受到众口称赞。那对姑娘们来说是最好的评价。因为这些绣制品倾注着姑娘们的心血</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">寄托着她们美好的向往。就如她们心灵的歌声</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">:&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">熬更守夜绣枕头</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">绣出鸳鸯戏水图。有朝一日同共枕</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">好比躺在云里头。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  年龄较大的屯堡妇女被称作</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">太婆</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">服饰较为朴实</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">并多以青色为基调。其头饰较为简单</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">把头发梳在脑后挽成发髻</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">罩上马尾编织的发网</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">插简单的管簪</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">并包上一块青纱帕或青布</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">所穿大袖子长衣服的衣领袖襟绣简单花边</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">系青布腰带和围腰布</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">脚穿尖头绣花鞋。冬季</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">小腿上包裹脚布</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">绑腿</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">以御寒。这些太婆们外出赶庙会、走亲戚时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">肩上挂着黄布挎包</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">腰带上插一块折叠成方形的手巾</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">撑着红色的油纸雨伞</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">三三两两邀约成行。聚在一起时喜欢念佛或拉家常。她们用低沉的声音唱念佛经</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">吟出人生的艰辛和感慨</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">:&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">人生好比山上草</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">春绿秋黄一世了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">挂起露珠如戴玉</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一到寒冬不见草。佛也</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">拿摩摸弥陀</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">!&quot;</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">  屯堡服饰是屯堡风情中一道独具特色的风景</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">妇女的大袖长袍尖头鞋和别具一格的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">凤阳头</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">与南京博物馆所藏明代服饰与发式相似</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">它述说着屯堡人祖先挥戈南征的古老故事。从那一件件绣品</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">我们看到了江南刺绣细腻、舒展、流畅的风格和线条跳跃、构图紧</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center" />
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 楼主| 发表于 2007-6-10 16:32:26 | 显示全部楼层
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">沿袭古礼旧制的老汉人</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #993300\"><p /></span></font></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  屯堡人的婚姻讲究明媒正娶的复杂程式。过去</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">血脉崇拜</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">理念的根深蒂固</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">生存环境的特定需要</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">在联姻上多为老亲</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">讲究门当户对和姑姨表开亲。由父母之命、媒妁之言所决定的婚姻需要严格地循规蹈矩来操办。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  屯堡人的婚嫁</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">正如司仪先生所唱的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">周公制礼</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">是传统汉文化的延续。如今的男女谈婚论嫁</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">已逐步走向了自由</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">跳出了</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">父母包办</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">的制约。但请媒通婚还在继续</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">操办婚事大多仍由父母。有一些陈规陋习如</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">回车马</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">走破路</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">等已不再时兴。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">上轿</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">虽还在例行</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">只不过随时代发展</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">花轿换成了汽车。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  对神灵崇拜祖先崇拜潜意识浓烈的屯堡人来说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">认为人死以后灵魂是存在的。在家庭发生大小变故时</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">他们求神灵也会求祖先。因此在办丧事时</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">哪怕在经济上多花费一点</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">也要办得隆重认真。既告慰死者在天之灵</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">也求得生者心里的安宁。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> </font></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  屯堡人的节日都以敬奉神灵和祭供祖宗为主要内容。多神信仰和祖先崇拜的缘由</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">加上传说的民俗节庆</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">使屯堡村寨一年四季各种活动不断。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  春节是屯堡人最为隆重的节日。腊月间就要用数十斤糯米和籼米打成米面</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">蒸熟后打成糕粑</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">晾干变硬后泡在水里可食用几个月。还要杀年猪、熏腊肉</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">用猪血和豆腐做成</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">血豆腐</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">熏制香肠等等。除夕夜</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">先要在神龛前摆上猪头、雄鸡及酒菜</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">并点燃香烛供奉</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">主人还要请祖先及亲戚的亡灵和各路神仙、各处菩萨、孤魂野鬼来享用</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">希望得到神灵祖先的保佑而一家人顺顺气气发财发富。供奉后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">全家人要在神龛前磕头后才能吃饭</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">还要在门、窗、牛圈等处贴上红纸写的对联</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">大门上贴</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">秦军</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">胡帅</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">等门神。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> </font></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  除夕要</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">守岁</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">到天亮</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">灯火长明</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">全家欢聚</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">直到黎明。因此俗话说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">:&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">三十夜守岁</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">年初一大睡。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><p><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> </font></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  年初一不能动菜刀之类工具</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">不能向外倒水</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">不能扫地</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">据传扫地和倒水就意味着会把一年的钱财扫出去和泼出去。大年初一还不能串门</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">只能在外面游玩。一年到头</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">大年初一这天是忌讳最多的一天。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  年初二外出叫</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">出行</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">回家时要捡上几根木柴回来</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">以实现</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">初二出行</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">抱财归家</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">的求富心理。有的人家还要找一个有小圆洞的石头</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">用绳子拴好牵回来以示</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">拉了一头肥猪回家</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  年初二</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">开始进行各种</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">拜年</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">仪式。拜年形式多样</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">村中小孩子可以挨家挨户地去拜年。孩子们身挂小口袋</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">走进大门对主人家大喊一声</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">:&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">给您拜年</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">恭喜你家发财</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">!&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">主人家就拿些葵花、核桃或硬币给孩子们。于是</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">年初二这天</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">就会看到满街的孩子这家进那家出</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">欢天喜地地跳动</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">村中热闹非凡。年轻媳妇要到井里挑</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">银水</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">象征着一年财富不断。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  给岳父母拜年</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">是不能少的例规</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">特别是结婚不久的年轻夫妇。否则</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">老泰山发了话</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">小两口就有陪不完的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">罪</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">了。不忘祖先尊敬长辈</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">给逝去的父母拜年是屯堡人的心理定规。初二子女带上香蜡纸烛及酒菜到父母坟前祭供</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">以尽孝道。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10&#46;5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;0\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\"> 年初二也是屯堡人互相大拜年的日子。人们在街头巷尾见面也互相拱手行礼并互相招呼</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">:&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">给您拜年</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">!&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">就是平时有些纠葛和隔阂的人</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">这一招呼也就把积怨化解了。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  从年初三开始</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">屯堡村寨就要开始跳地戏、玩花灯等类活动。于是</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">白天村中锣鼓喧天</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">杀声阵阵</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">村民从征战故事的拼斗中获得心灵的振奋</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">从剧里人物的神灵护佑中得到心愿的满足</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">晚上</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">玩花灯时歌声阵阵</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">笑声不断。那些由男人穿上妇女服装扮的女角故作妖娆</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">扭作态</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">引起人们阵阵哄笑以得一乐。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  迎接一年新春的到来</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">把美好的希望寄托于新年开始</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">使农历正月成了屯堡人最热闹隆重的一个月。在这一个月中各种活动最多</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">除跳神、玩灯、迎春等搞得热热闹闹</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">太婆和妇女们更是忙里忙外</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">初五要敬五谷大神</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">初九是玉皇大帝诞辰要进庙烧</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">千张</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">十五要过</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">元宵节</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">等。十五元宵节一过</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">火烧门前纸</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">大的做生意</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">小的扒狗屎</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">或事农或事商或事其它行业的就各务其业了。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  清明节</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">屯堡人家都要按姓氏结伙上大坟。数百人甚至上千人聚集在坟前饱餐一顿之后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">各家还要上小坟</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">到自家祖坟前挂坟飘</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">摆上酒饭祭供一番。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  <chsdate w:st=\"on\" year=\"2007\" month=\"6\" day=\"19\" islunardate=\"True\" isrocdate=\"False\">五月初五</chsdate>的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">端午节</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">屯堡人要用糯米做成粽粑来祭供祖先</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">然后全家吃粽子。门顶要插上艾、菖蒲</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">屋内洒雄黄。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  大街尽头是一高筑的戏台</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">披红挂绿</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">装饰一新。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  清晨六时许</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">汪公庙内芒锣声起</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">两锣手沿街敲响</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">告示村民汪公将出巡。是时</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">将宰好的大肥猪佩戴红花</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">用腰鼓队敲打着送到汪公庙举行公祭。公祭由推选出来的德高望重的村老组成的司礼班主持。这些村老三天前就要沐浴素斋</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">典祭当天要整冠更衣。在香烛纸钱的烟雾缭绕中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">司礼班颂唱汪公的德政功绩。公祭毕</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">于庄严肃穆中恭请汪公入舆。此时</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">庙外戏台前</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">各腰鼓队、秧歌队、龙狮队、花灯队、地戏队、彩车队陆续进入场子。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  中午时分</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">汪公在众首翘望中出巡了。其时</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">大街小巷</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">阳台屋顶</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">村边地头</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">人头攒动</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">人流似潮。铁炮声声</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">地动山摇</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">锣鼓铿锵</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">人声沸腾</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">鞭炮脆响</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">烟雾弥漫。出巡的汪公端坐轿中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">由龙凤彩旗导引</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">仪仗队高举肃静回避牌、斧钺、大刀、日月、狮印、葵扇、罗伞及写着越国公爵、徽州府主、忠烈汪王、八九相公的牌子各一块。仪仗后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">是由公推的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">22</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">位村老</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,4</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">人抬轿</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,18</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">人手持红纸包扎的炷香前后左右保护汪公。随后是彩船队、腰鼓队、秧歌队、花灯队、地戏队、彩车队边舞边走。每当汪公走到一户农家门前</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">随着一声</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">高升</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">!&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">轿子停下。主人家燃点鞭炮礼迎</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">烧起纸烛</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">虔诚祈祷。这家鞭炮刚停下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">下一家响声又起。汪公的轿舆在极缓慢地挪动中不断地</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">高升</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">停歇。以致从寨中心到汪公巡游歇脚的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">神台</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">相距不到</span><chmetcnv w:st=\"on\" unitname=\"米\" sourcevalue=\"500\" hasspace=\"False\" negative=\"False\" numbertype=\"1\" tcsc=\"0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">500</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">米</span></chmetcnv><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">却要走上两三个钟头。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">  明朝时期是汪公信仰在安徽最热烈</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">汪公庙宇建得最多的时候。而此时大量的徽籍将士入黔屯田戍边</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">在异土他乡四顾迷茫、瘴疠肆虐、反抗不绝的恶劣环境下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">他们把能</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">保据州郡</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">镇静一隅</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">水旱疫疠</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">有祷则应</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">的汪公信仰带来贵州是非常自然的事情。乃至不顾路途艰险</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">或背着神像千里迢迢落居黔土</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">年年奉祀</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">或从家乡运来珍木</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">虔诚雕塑成像</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">造庙供奉。使汪公信仰在皇权统治</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">唯忠</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">理念的推崇下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">在宗法思想的维护下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">历经千余年的发展</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">从安徽来到了贵州安顺</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">从一姓人的崇拜发展到多姓人的崇拜。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21&#46;75pt\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">从</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">汪公</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">信仰</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">我们可以看到屯堡人英雄崇拜的真谛</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">可以了解到屯堡人质朴纯厚的心理素质。但从另一点来思考</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">为官者明信于民施惠于民</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"\">老百姓是会永远铭记他纪念他乃至神化他的。</span></font></p>
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 楼主| 发表于 2007-6-10 16:33:35 | 显示全部楼层
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21&#46;75pt\"><font size=\"3\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">戏剧的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #993300\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">活化石</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #993300\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;-</font></span></b><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">地戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"COLOR: #993300\"></span></b></font></p><p /><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  地戏又称</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">跳神</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">是盛行于屯堡区域的一种民间戏曲。以其粗犷、奔放的艺术个性和深邃的文化内涵</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">很受屯堡人的欢迎。一个地戏队跳一部书称为一堂</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">据粗略统计</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">全省约有</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">370</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">多堂。主要分布在以安顺西秀区为中心</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">包括临近的平坝、普定、镇宁、关岭、紫云、清镇、长顺、广顺、贵阳等地的村寨中。安顺市所属的各区、县有</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">300</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">堂</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">仅西秀区就有</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">192</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">堂。因为它活动在农村</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">又是以平地为戏台围场演出</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">属于农民称谓的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">吹地灰</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">之属</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">故称之为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">地戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  地戏见诸于史料记载</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">最早应是明嘉靖年间的《徽州府志》记歙州一带迎汪公时</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">设俳优、狄、胡舞、假面之戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。这里的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">假面之戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">与安顺一带农村抬汪公时地戏队参与活动应是一脉相承。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  地戏的产生与延续离不开屯堡人。屯堡人保存了地戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">而地戏又增强了屯堡人的依托感和内聚力。屯堡人定居黔土后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">虽说有黔中地平土肥的天然优势</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">有明王朝对屯田戍边的优惠条件</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">但</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">草创开辟之后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">人民习于安逸</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">积之既久</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">武事渐废</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">太平岂能长保</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">?</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">识者忧之</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">于是乃有跳神戏之举</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">借以演习武事</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">不使生疏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">含有寓兵于农之深意。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">正因如此</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">来自江南的屯堡人将源于江南农村的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">傩舞</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">和</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">嗔拳</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">假面戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">借黔中相对封闭的态势</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">借屯堡人怀乡恋土的心理情愫</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">以及演武增威、神灵护佑的需要</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在安顺这一块古夜郎的领地扎下了根</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">年复一年传承至今。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  地戏以村寨为演出单位。一般是一个村寨演一堂戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">跳一部书。少数较大的村寨如詹官屯、吉昌屯、狗场屯、西屯、九溪等有两堂乃至三堂戏。演员都是地道的农民。从他们的家谱上看</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">祖上都是征南时的马上将军。他们都曾经为明王朝立下赫赫战功</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">如今他们只能用地戏表演的征战场面来缅怀祖先的战绩了。一堂戏的演员</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">20</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">余人</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">由戏头或称</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">神头</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">负责全部书的排演和指导。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  地戏演出地点不在戏台。或村中空坝</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">或平整田土</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">就地围场而演。演出时间一般为两个节令。一是稻谷扬花时节。以农事为主的屯堡人为了祈求一年的辛劳能获得好收成</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">也为了缅怀祭祀祖先</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在<chsdate w:st=\"on\" isrocdate=\"False\" islunardate=\"True\" day=\"27\" month=\"8\" year=\"2007\" />农历七月十五日</chsdate />中元节期间开箱跳</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">米花神</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">时间约</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">3?7</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">天。另一个演出时间是一年一度的春节。为了欢庆一年的辛劳所获得的丰收</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">为了祈祷求得来年风调雨顺村寨平安家家康乐</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在新春到来之际</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">地戏班就</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">鸣锣击鼓</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">以唱神歌</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。全村男女老少在寒风中看得如醉如痴喜笑颜开。春节期间演出</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">从<chsdate w:st=\"on\" isrocdate=\"False\" islunardate=\"True\" day=\"19\" month=\"2\" year=\"2007\" />农历正月初二</chsdate />开始</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">要跳半月乃至一月。为了增进村寨间的友谊或艺术上的交流</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">有的村寨会互请地戏队去演出。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  地戏演出时</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">跳神者首蒙青巾</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">腰围战裙</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">戴假面具于额前</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">手执戈矛刀戟之属</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">随口歌唱</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">应声而舞</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。地戏的主要表演形式是唱和舞。唱</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">是无乐器伴奏的说唱</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">不分行当</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">只有男女角色之分</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">没有男女声腔之分</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">由剧中角色边说边唱边交待剧情。其舞</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">实则为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">打</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">是表现战斗场面的对打格斗。地戏演员从古代战争的骑马步战的厮打格杀中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">借鉴衍化而形成略具程式的套路。又加之是农民的艺术</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">与农村生活紧密相连</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在套路的叫法上极富有农家生活情趣。有的村寨还使用铁质的真刀真枪搏杀</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">勇猛逼真</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">铿锵之声不绝于耳</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">看得令人心惊胆战。对打中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">还吸收当地苗族舞蹈中的舞步和花灯中的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">四方步</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">转</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">和</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">旋</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">中战裙飘舞</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">使惨烈的场面透着刚劲的美。伴唱者手执彩帕纸扇</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">边伴唱边手舞足蹈</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">动作虽简单</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">却使格杀挂上了一条美的彩带。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  由于地戏演出的场地有限</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">且农民的经济实力不足</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">而搬演的故事又是千军万马征战的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">大书</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">以至在演出的时空转换和表演手法上</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">多使用虚拟、写意、象征来表现实情实景。一个</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">二龙吐珠</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">送出两队人马就代表了两军对垒的千军万马</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">一个</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">龙出海</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">或</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">龙摆尾</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">绕场一周</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">就象征着人马行程了百里千里</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">一条板凳可以是雄兵据守的高关</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">一张桌子可以是巍峨的大山</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">一棵小树可以是繁茂的树林</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">一块白布可以是滔滔的大河。《薛丁山征西》中苏锦莲与陈金定交战后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">苏把面具摘下放在地上退出场</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">观众明白苏锦莲已被陈金定杀死</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">《三国》长板坡赵云救阿斗一段戏中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">演员将一双鞋脱下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">放在用两对锏拼摆成的一个</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">井</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">字旁后退下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">观众就明白糜夫人不愿拖累赵云已跳井自杀。地戏表演中的虚拟性写意性</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">让人不能不佩服农民艺术家的聪明才智。难怪在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">1992</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">年安顺召开的国际军傩研讨会上</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">国内外专家看了地戏表演后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">来自北京的一位研究京剧艺术的专家感慨说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">:&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">徽班进京两百年</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">而地戏存在已几百年</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">我从地戏身上看到了京剧的影子。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  一个地戏剧本就是一部书</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">就是讲唱一个完整的征战故事。不分场次</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">不分生旦净末丑的行当</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">由剧中人物边演边打讲唱完毕。由于它表现的内容是征南而来的屯兵熟悉的军旅生活</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">所表现的人物是屯堡村民所喜爱的薛家将、杨家将、岳家将、狄家将、三国英雄、瓦岗好汉、封神将军等</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">故而几百年来在屯堡村寨中传承至今。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  地戏剧本的内容比较单一。可以说是一部部屯堡人景仰、倾慕、效法的英雄人物的赞诗篇。既没有谈情说爱的才子佳人戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">也没有抒臆心怀的清官公案戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">既没有悱恻悲切的《窦娥冤》之类</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">也没有妙趣横生的《风筝误》之属。它只有与屯堡人生活紧密相关的反映军旅生活的金戈铁马征战戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">只有赞美忠义、颂扬报国的忠臣良将戏。在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">30</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">来部剧目中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">所反映的内容都是明清时代脍炙人口的演义说部</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">都是经过艰苦卓绝的奋斗一举成名光宗耀祖的家将书。如《三国演义》、《说唐》、《杨家将》、《岳传》等</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">却没有同为群众喜闻乐见的说妖道怪的《西游记》和抗暴安良的《水浒传》。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  头戴面具是地戏演出的重要特征。关于面具的发展</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在中国已有几千年的历史</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">它是中国傩文化发展轨迹上不可忽视的一个光点。面具在古代先民的社会生活中有着非常重要的功能作用。它掩容增威的威慑功能</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">沟通了人神之间的距离</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在崇尚图腾畏惧大自然风雨雷电不可知的摧毁力的古代先民心目中</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">是他们对生的希冀和对死的恐惧的膜拜物。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  地戏面具俗称</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">脸子</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。是用丁木和杨木刻制而成。用此两种木料</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">一是取材容易</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">二是木质细疤结少</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">便于用刀。随着人口激增山林减少</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">且独具特色饱熏民俗特征的面具随旅游发展而成为人们喜爱的工艺品</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">大量用材的需要</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">工匠们更青睐易生易长的白杨。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  一堂地戏面具的多少视剧中人物而定。少则几十面</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">多则上百面。演出内容的单一化──只有金戈铁马的征战故事</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">使人物角色的分类主要以</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">将</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">为主。粗分可为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">正将</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">和</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">反将</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;(</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">或称</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">番将</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;)</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。由于地戏是汉文化的一部分</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在汉民族正统思想的支配下</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">总以汉人当政一方为正方</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">称</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">正将</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">以番邦为反方</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">称</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">反将</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  面具的用色比较讲究人物的性格特征。按雕刻艺人的话说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">要跟书走</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">书中对人物的描述是什么性格</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">就要用艺人们心目中性格化的颜色来表示。以单色论</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">一般红色代表忠勇</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">(</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">如薛仁贵</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">),</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">黑色代表刚烈</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">(</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">如张飞</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">),</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">蓝色代表果敢</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">(</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">如单雄信</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">),</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">绿色代表稳沉</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">(</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">如尉迟宝林</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">),</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">白色代表英武</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">(</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">如马超</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">)</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。另外</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">书中对人物脸相的描述是什么颜色</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">或者内涵情节因素</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">用色上也必须</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">跟书走</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。如脸若重枣的关羽用红色</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">性如烈火的黑炭头尉迟恭用黑色</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">脸似金妆的余化是金色</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">因与尉迟恭争当征东元帅举石狮累得吐血而病倒的秦叔宝</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">自然就要用黄色代表了。若单色加上对称的花纹</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">那就是反将了。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  地戏</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">作为一种古老的民间戏剧</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">在其戏剧本体中就包含着诸多的祭祀因子。当剧中人物被罩上</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">神</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">的光晕后</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">崇尚多神信奉的屯堡人在把地戏看作娱人娱己的艺术样式时</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">更把剧中人物赋予神性而视为自身命运的主宰者。稼禾的丰歉、村寨的平安、人畜的兴旺等既靠科学技术</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">也依赖神灵的保佑。如此</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">祈福纳吉的祭祀仪式就自然构成地戏演出中的一部分了。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  综观地戏艺术</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">从内容到形式</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">也有一些很耐人寻味的地方。就剧目看</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">都是演唱中国历代王朝兴衰、英雄建业的征战故事。何以在中国戏剧已进入鼎盛时期</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">题材范围已大大扩展</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">地戏却固守如此</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">?</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">元代忽必烈的蒙古铁骑驰骋中亚震撼欧洲</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">此伟业可谓惊天动地</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">此争战可谓悲壮惨烈</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">而热衷战争题材的屯堡人却何以对此视而不见呢</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">?</font></span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  作为把地戏带来贵州的征南将士</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">大部分都是耕作农民和城市平民</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">军旅生活的职业特性</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">文化水平的局限</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">理所当然地使他们对反映自身生活而易于接受的众多军事题材情有独钟。那一个个出身士卒而经过奋斗终成军中主帅大将的英雄是他们追求的偶像</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">那一位位赤胆忠心义贯长虹的忠臣是他们膜拜的圣杰。如此</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">这一个个英雄人物所构成的英雄故事自然而然地成了屯堡人钟爱的地戏首选的剧目了。詹家屯《三国》神头曾建章就说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">:&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">老辈人讲</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">我们曾詹两姓跳《三国》已有十六代了</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">主要让儿孙不忘记祖先的光荣</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">不忘掉武艺以防祸乱。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">可见</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">征南入黔的屯堡人需要用演武增威的故事来缅怀祖先激励后辈</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">需要英烈忠勇的英雄义气来宣教增强内部的凝聚力</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">对于泛神论的屯堡人来说</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">剧中人物的神灵光环</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">始终吸引着他们。当年铁马金戈的威风已随历史的烟云散淡在山野田间</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">而四顾环境的险恶</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">不得不顶礼于这些英雄神将</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">以便获得自我心理平衡。也正是这种强烈而执着的宗教意识</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">把初具戏剧模式的地戏凝固起来</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">年复一年</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">以唱神歌</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  也正是基于神灵崇拜的思维走向</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">汉民族正统思想的延续</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">作为推翻元朝统治的明王朝军队</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">作为镇压元朝残余势力而南征入黔落土的屯堡人</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">是绝不会为敌对者去树碑立传歌功颂德的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">异族的英雄是不能进入神灵的行列的。元人如此</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">清人也如此。地戏剧本里</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">狭隘的民族排他主义</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">只能是正方</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">(</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">汉文化一方</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">)</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">打败反方</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">(</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">番文化一方</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">)</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">。汉文化中的英雄是至高无上的。</span></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">  地戏是屯堡人的一本大书</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">是最能反映屯堡人的行为方式、思维倾向的一项民间艺术。正因为它在人类学、民族学、民俗学、戏剧学等方面富含的文化因子</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">作为一种民间文化</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">詹家屯、蔡官屯、九溪、麒麟屯的地戏队到法国、西班牙、日本、韩国、新加坡、德国和台湾、香港等地区进行过演出和展览。专家学者和朋友也纷纷前来</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">实地进行考察和采风</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">,</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">冠以它</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">戏剧活化石</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">戏剧历史博物馆</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&quot;</font></span><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: \">的称谓。</span></font></p>
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