屯堡-民居的建筑装饰

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<p><strong>屯堡-民居的建筑装饰</strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p>屯堡人的住房很注重装饰<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">这是屯堡人延续江南遗风注重审美价值取向的一个重要标志。通过在基石、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/78989&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">门窗</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、柱枋、屋面等建筑体上雕镌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">不仅美化了住居</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">也从图案使用上寄寓了对生活的企望以及伦理教化的需要。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><p /></span> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">　　   屯堡建筑的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/110418&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">装饰</span></a>,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">是屯堡人勤劳智慧的结晶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">是古代文化精华的凝聚</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">是宝贵的文化遗产。当年明王朝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">征南</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">填南</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">为了戍边和稳定局势的需要</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">还强制一些</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">四坊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">五匠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">的手艺人移民到贵州定居。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">四坊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">即指豆腐坊、榨油坊、粉坊等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">五匠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">即指木匠、石匠、砖瓦匠等。这些手艺人来自经济发达地区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">手艺高超。特别是石、木二匠在屯堡建筑上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">技术得到了充分地发挥和应用。艺人工匠们以刀凿代笔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">在石、木材料上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">用大与小、方与圆、曲与直、长与短、粗与细、凹与凸的对比方式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">或施以玲珑剔透的圆透雕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">或施以凹凸迭起的深浮雕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">或施以深浅有度的浅浮雕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">或施以流畅线描的阴线雕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">把生活中寓意着美好意愿的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/7136&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">石榴</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/4411&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">荷花</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/4144&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">牡丹</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/45467&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">桃子</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/17933&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">蝙蝠</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、鹿子、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/6792&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">蝴蝶</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/2661&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">鱼</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、瓶子、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/30146&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">如意</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/47026&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">云彩</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">、万字、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://baike&#46;baidu&#46;com/view/45948&#46;htm" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">金钱</span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">用象形、会意、谐音的手法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">组合成脍炙人口的历史典故、伦理故事或含蓄意向的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">物谜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">图形</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">以满足主人祈求家业兴旺富贵长寿的愿望。在一座建筑的构架上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">体现了实用与美观的意象、历史与伦理的宣教。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><p /></span></p>

wanglinjun

好啊